Types of Primers For Different Jobs Or Surfaces

Primers Are Not All Created Equal

Are you painting the interior or exterior of your house and need a primer for something?

Types of Primers:

Drywall Primer:  These are water-based and its main job is to seal the drywall & drywall compound before painting. Sealing the drywall gives the topcoat a more uniform and even looking appearance. You can tint drywall sealer the same color as the topcoat. We usually get it tinted at 1/2 strength because primer/sealers tend to tint darker than regular paints.

Problem Surface Sealers: In areas with high humidity and moisture, like a Bathroom or Laundry Room, I'd recommend a primer like Zinsser Gardz which is a great sealer in those conditions. We use Gardz when drywall is damaged and the inner layer of paper is exposed. Without Gardz a waterbased paint or drywall compound will make the paper bubble leaving an unbondable surface requiring further repairs.

High Adhesion Primers: Some jobs may require a high bonding primer for various reasons. These may include painting over Oil-based finishes, polyurethane or glossy surfaces. I'd recommend high adhesion primers such as Inslx Stix, Sherwin Williams Extreme Bond Primer or Dulux Gripper Primer.

Tannin Bleed: Sometimes you'll need a primer that will stop wood Tannin from migrating and bleeding through the topcoat. This appears in the form of a stain or discoloration. In such cases, an alkyd or oil-based primer is preferred although some water-based primers such as Dulux Gripper are designed to seal it too. I find the specialized waterbased sealers tend to take 2 or three coats to stop the bleedthrough.

Fire/Smoke Damage: You will need to apply a specialized primer when smoke damage or nicotine stains are present. We find the Pigmented Shellac Primers such as the original Zinsser BIN Primer to be the best to seal smoke odor damage. Shellac primers will also seal pet urine odor that migrates through the carpet into the wood subfloor. Other alternatives are oil-based primers such as Zinsser Coverstain or Original Kilz. Even some waterbased primers claim to seal smoke damage but we haven't tried them. Why take a chance when you know that Zinsser BIN will do the job 100% of the time?
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Mold or Mildew: There are primers that will prevent Mold and Mildew from growing. It's advisable that you clean the surface first with the proper cleaner in order to kill before priming. In some circumstances, ordinary bleach will do the job depending on the problem. Zinsser, again, has a primer for mold called "Mold Killing Primer"It's a water-based anti-fungal primer that can be used over Mildew, Fungi, Mold and other microorganisms that produce stains and odors.

Masonry/ Concrete/Stucco: Concrete Sealers are often needed before applying paint to these surfaces. Seal Krete has a number of concrete primers/sealers such as "Heavy Duty Concrete & Masonry Waterproofer". These concrete sealers also allow paint to bond to chalky masonry. They also lower the PH of the substrate to paintable levels. Unsealed Stucco should also be primed. PPG's "Perma Krete Concrete & Stucco Primer" is a good product. Masonry Sealers should have Alkali and Efflorescence Resistance and anti-blistering properties.

Water Damaged Ceilings: I'd recommend an oil-based primer such as Original Kilz or Zinsser "Cover Stain" to seal stains from water damage. These stains will bleed through waterbased paints if they are not properly sealed.

Lacquer Surfacer Primer: These primers are manufactured to be good foundations for specific lacquers. Some are waterbased and some are nitrocellulose. They are very quick drying, have good filling properties and a usually sand to a powder which is very desirable when wanting a smooth finish.

Anti-Rust Primers: Wrought irons fences and other metals may require a rust inhibiting primer. Rustoleum manufactures a number of specialized rust primers and automotive shops sell epoxy type rust preventative primers. These primers are probably not a 100% permanent fix in my opinion, but they definitely slow down the spread of rust.

Magnetic Primers: These primers give a  foundation base-coat that allows you to create a surface that attracts magnets. It can be top coated with paint for a unique magnetic  surface.